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The course focuses on reservoir quality and its subsurface prediction. To understand the unique nature of wireline indicators in various carbonates, the participant must first gain a rockSedimentological logging, thin sections, SEM, wireline and stable isotope analysis of core and cuttings recovered from variable-quality Late Miocene globigerinid sands shows the best quality reservoirs are internalite deposits. Periodic passage of internal waves (solitons) over otherwise muddy carbonates of the upper slope converted mud-dominant wackestones and mudstones into grain-dominant packstones and grainstones.

Reservoirs accumulated as fairways of cross-bedded foraminiferal sands laid down in mechanically-reworked sweet-spots. The sand deposition was focused into submarine-gully-backflow thicks, within wave-reworked deeper water swash zones, on the upper slope and outer platform. Isotopic analysis of matrix and cements shows that post-depositional alteration in the reservoir s minimal.
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These gullied and channelled globigerinid sand bodies (internalite deposits) are seismically resolvable and cut into bed-parallel sandy slope-parallel reflectors. This seismic signature indicates regions where internal-wave orbitals and swash zones intersected the carbonate slope south of the Madura Ridge (water depths ≈100-300m). It gives a new exploration paradigm that is quantitatively based on a deeper understanding of depositional and diagenetic evolution, within a tectonic and climatic framework.